Draw the ownership chain

Write your name at the top and the operating company at the bottom. Between them, list each fund, special purpose vehicle, nominee or contractual counterparty. Mark the entity whose security you are actually buying.

  • Direct shares: inspect share class, transfer rules and investor rights.
  • SPV or fund interest: inspect manager authority, expenses and distribution rules.
  • Contractual exposure: identify the counterparty and what happens if it fails.

Ask what reaches you after an exit

An acquisition or IPO does not necessarily put freely tradable stock or cash into your account immediately. Ask who controls the timing, which deductions apply and whether restrictions survive the event.

  • What evidence supports ownership of the underlying asset?
  • What issuer consents or transfer restrictions apply?
  • Who can verify the position independently?
  • What reporting will you receive and how often?

Your research checklist

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Use the original sources.

Check current documents before making a decision. SEC review and a regulatory filing are not endorsements of an investment. This guide provides general education, not advice about your circumstances.